Interaction of bile and vitamins

You wrote;

I had missed you idea on the interacton of bile and vitamins...

Hi,

Not an idea, I have proved it… When serum vitamin D rises above 30 ng/ml there are changes in the composition of bile. This change kicks in an adaption that limits how much fat soluble vitamins the gut can absorb.

Elevated serum vitamin D forces the gut to excrete fat soluble vitamins at a much higher rate, leading to deficiency in fat soluble vitamins A, E, and K when vitamin D alone is supplemented in whites.

Think about it…

Man evolves at the equator getting 100% of his vitamin D from the sun. This process is regulated through dark skin pigmentation. Mankind begins to migrate away from the equator along the coast. What happens?

First there are dietary changes and more fish are eaten. Fish contain vitamin D. So a secondary adaptation develops in regards to vitamin D in the gut to limit ingestion of vitamin D from fish.

As mankind moved further away from the equator the adaptation of dark skin pigment lightened to allow in more UVB for the primary source of vitamin D (the skin) to function. As man continues to move north they eat more fish which is a reliable source of food enhancing the gut adaptation. The pinnacle of this gut adaptation is then found in the northern Inuit whose existence relied solely on marine based food which was super rich in vitamin D.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20233723


J Biol Chem.
2010 May 7;285(19):14486-94. Epub 2010 Mar 16.

Regulation of bile
acid synthesis by fat-soluble vitamins A and D.
Schmidt DR, Holmstrom SR, Fon Tacer K, Bookout AL, Kliewer SA, Mangelsdorf DJ.
Department of Pharmacology and Howard Hughes
Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas,
Texas 75390-9050, USA.

Abstract
Bile acids are required for
proper absorption of dietary lipids, including fat-soluble vitamins. Here, we show that the dietary vitamins A and D inhibit bile acid synthesis by repressing hepatic expression of the rate-limiting enzyme CYP7A1. Receptors for vitamin A and D induced expression of Fgf15, an intestine-derived hormone that acts on liver to inhibit Cyp7a1. These effects were mediated through distinct cis-acting response elements in the promoter and intron of Fgf15. Interestingly, transactivation of both response elements appears to be required to maintain basal Fgf15 expression levels in vivo. Furthermore, whereas induction of Fgf15 by vitamin D is mediated through its receptor, the induction of Fgf15 by vitamin A is mediated through the retinoid X receptor/farnesoid X receptor heterodimer and is independent of bile acids, suggesting that this heterodimer functions as a distinct dietary vitamin A sensor. Notably, vitamin A treatment reversed the effects of the bile acid sequestrant cholestyramine on Fgf15, Shp, and Cyp7a1 expression, suggesting a potential therapeutic benefit of vitamin A under conditions of bile acid malabsorption. These results reveal an unexpected link between the intake of fat-soluble vitamins A and D and bile acid metabolism, which may have evolved as a means for these dietary vitamins to regulate their own absorption.

PMID: 20233723 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]PMCID:
PMC2863217Free PMC Article

Whites have two means to regulate vitamin D; one in the skin and the other in the gut.

Blacks do not have the adaption, for they never needed it, only those that migrated away from the equator eating fish developed the adaptation;

Blacks get double the bang for the buck in oral vitamin D supplementation because they lack the gut adaptation;

Twice as much rise Vit D in blood from milk and multivitamin for
African-Americans in LA Mar 2010
Contributions of food intake to serum 25 OH vitamin D levels in healthy African American and Caucasian Los AngelinosLenore Arab1, Casey Nelson2, Mary Catherine Cambou2, Heeyoung Kim3, Ronald Horst4, Katherine Wessling-Perry2 and Patricia Jardack2FASEB (Societies of Experimental Biology) March 20101 General Internal Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA2 David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA3 School of Public Health at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA4 Heartland Assays, Ames, IATo determine the impact of diet on circulating levels of vitamin D we studied healthy, weight constant African Americans and Caucasians in Los Angeles. We examined the relative contributions of dietary intakes from fish, dairy and multivitamin supplements from 6 24-hour recalls. Distinct racial differences were noted, with a median of 21.2 ng/ml for African Americans, and 34.4 for Caucasians. Multiple linear regression models, adjusted for age and gender were run to examine the relationship between serum vitamin D levels and dietary consumption of vitamin D-rich foods. Across the total population, dairy consumption was strongly related to 25 OH vitamin D levels, with the contributions from full fat and non-fat milk demonstrating statistically significant regression coefficients of 1.45 and 1.78, respectively.The elevation in vitamin D seen per 100 g full fat milk consumption was also almost twice as great among the African American subjects (2.0 vs 1.1 ng/ml elevation per 100 g). Use of a multivitamin had almost twice the impact among the African Americans (11.6 vs 6.3 ng/ml elevation per tablet). The lack of association with fish and the differential effects of diet in African Americans deserves further attention. Supported by NIH R01CA105048.

So when you as a white man raise your serum vitamin D above 30 ng/ml you run smack into the gut limiting fat soluble adaptation. You encounter an exponential resistance to raising your serum vitamin D further through oral supplementation as your bile contains less and less chenodeoxycholic acid. Chenodeoxycholic bile acid is critical for the gut to absorb fat soluble vitamins. Vitamin D is fat soluble.

Ok so now you are vitamin D replete but you are excreting the fat soluble vitamins (A, D, E and K) at a much faster rate. Over time your vitamin D is fine because you are daily supplementing but you soon become deficient in vitamins A, E and K.

Now for the good bit which explains the conflicting data in high serum vitamin D and cancer.

Vitamins A, E, and K play strong roles in cancer prevention. Your are now replete in D, but deficient in A, E, and K so more cancer pops up again in the data. Too little vitamin D equals cancer and too much vitamin D equals cancer UNLESS you supplement with additional vitamin A, E and K to keep the natural balance. High serum vitamin D, along with high vitamin A, E and K (in balance with D) are the total answer.

There is no question. All the races handle vitamin D differently. There are multiple adaptations to limit serum vitamin D. Blacks make use of every molecule of vitamin D they consume because they lack the gut adaptation. Whites (lighter pigments) have higher degrees of this gut adaptation and form a resistance to oral D supplementation at higher serum D levels.

It all works beautifully. I have explained the exponential resistance to raising serum vitamin D through oral supplementation in whites, why blacks vary in how they handle vitamin D, and the conflicting data to fighting cancer with elevated serum vitamin D.

So why aren’t blacks at the equator vitamin A, E, and K deficient? Simple, the food at the equator is super rich in vitamins A, E and K and the balance is maintained;

Equatorial - Mango – 1 cup;

Vitamin A 1,262 iu
Vitamin E 1.8 mg
Vitamin K 6.9 mcg

Temperate - Apple – 1 cup;

Vitamin A 67.5 iu
Vitamin E 0.2 mg
Vitamin K 2.8 mcg

Nice package. It is more than vitamin D alone. It is vitamin D in concert with vitamins A, E, and K.

When serum vitamin D is above 30 ng/ml in whites we do not have data to show how much A, E and K in the diet are appropriate with the faster excretion of same due to elevated vitamin D. We may know how much vitamin A, E, and K vitamin D deficient people need, but we do not know how much of these vitamins vitamin D replete people need.

Look to the diet of the Bonobo for the answer, but make sure the food components are equatorial for they have the proper balance of nutrients (A, E, and K) for high serum vitamin D levels;



Note: equatorial foods have less oxalic acid than those found further away from the equator. Too much oxalic acid in the diet leads to kidney stones as vitamin D enhanced macrophages eliminate the it from the soft tissue..

The answer is primitive inputs.

I had missed your idea of the interaction of bile and
vitamins

1) Bile removes the fat soluble vitamins from the
bloodstream
OR
2) Bile changes reduce the fat soluble
vitamins availability from the gut

Cholesterol in a Vitamin D Economy

Understanding cholesterol in a vitamin D economy…

A few definitions…

Cholesterol is a waxy steroid metabolite found in the cell membranes and transported in the blood plasma of all animals.[2] It is an essential structural component of mammalian cell membranes, where it is required to establish proper membrane permeability and fluidity. In addition, cholesterol is an important component for the manufacture of steroid hormones (autocrine activated steroid 25(OH)D, bile acids, and fat-soluble vitamins including Vitamin A, Vitamin D, Vitamin E, and Vitamin K.

Triglycerides are a type of lipid found in your blood. When you eat, your body converts any calories it doesn't need to use right away into triglycerides. The triglycerides are stored in your fat cells. Later, hormones release triglycerides for energy between meals. If you regularly eat more calories than you burn, particularly "easy" calories like carbohydrates and fats, you may have high triglycerides (hypertriglyceridemia).

Hepatic Lipase produced in the liver chops up and clears triglycerides.

HDL cholesterol’ excess cholesterol in tissue being returned to the liver. Tissue can also produce cholesterol sending it to the liver via HDL.

LDL cholesterol is sent out from the liver to cells needing cholesterol. LDL is easily damaged in the serum by toxins, oxygen free radicals and free glucose. Once damaged it is collected by macrophages and returned to the liver.

Macrophage a type of white blood that ingests (takes in) foreign material. Macrophages are key players in the immune response to foreign invaders such as infectious microorganisms.
So how is this supposed to work with “naturalized” (sunlight on skin) serum vitamin D?

When there is sufficient vitamin D it spurs tissue outside the liver to produce cholesterol. The type of cholesterol produced in tissue is HDL and it is returned to the liver as an investment. You can view this as the liver being an investment banker, and the tissues of the body are buying vitamin D while the currency is cholesterol. This means if there is sufficient serum vitamin D it instructs cells “hey if you make excess cholesterol and send it to the liver via HDL you can have some more vitamin D”. A fair trade on tissue investment. The liver then pushes the investment of HDL to the skin where it is exposed to UVB radiation which produces vitamin D and the bargain is complete 24 hours later.

LDL cholesterol being sent to cells from the liver is the inverse. Cells are not producing enough cholesterol themselves, most likely due to a lack of vitamin D stimulus. Keeping in mind that cells can hydroxilize D3 to 25(OH)D the active steroid hormone which they need for proper operation. LDL is much like a monetary stimulus package offered by the government. The tissues are not producing HDL as they should due to a lack of confidence of a fair return of vitamin D for their HDL cholesterol brought on by insufficient serum vitamin D return. The tissues are awaiting vitamin D to “Show me the money!”. If the cells do not expect a fair return on their HDL investment HDL production goes down. With HDL down LDL goes up. LDL is a hand out to tissues, when the biological economy downturns due to lack of vitamin D. We all know that hand outs do not work well.

With more LDL in the bloodstream there is more LDL damaged by toxins, free glucose and oxygen free radicals. This is where macrophages come in.

Normally, naturalized serum vitamin D up-regulates macrophages. When the biological economy is running fine the macrophage garbage collection teams run full steam with half empty garbage trucks. This keeps the serum free of damaged LDL cholesterol. When there is a downturn in the vitamin D economy the body lays off macrophage garbage teams. The remaining macrophages have to do double and triple duty in clearing damaged LDL cholesterol. The macrophages become overloaded, break down and park along artery walls resulting in plaques (foam cell roadblocks).

HDL cholesterol is also a back up for macrophages. HDL will attempt to unload overloaded macrophages of excess cholesterol and put the investment bacl into vitamin D production. This is one of the reasons HDL is known as good cholesterol.

Normally, naturalized serum vitamin D up-regulates hepatic lipase. Hepatic lipase chops up triglycerides and clears them from the serum. Triglycerides are key to storing fat. In nature there is a lot of vitamin D in summer due to skin exposed to UVB, food is not short in summer and fat reserves are not needed, so when there is plenty of vitamin D there is plenty of hepatic lipase because fat is not needed. When the vitamin D economy downturns the hepatic lipase factories slow down hepatic lipase production and serum triglycerides go up with the lack of hepatic lipase to chop up the triglycerides. This lack of vitamin D tells the body it is winter time and time to store excess energy as fat because food is short in winter. In a bad vitamin D economy excess triglycerides would build up reserves by storing fat. In a good vitamin D economy there is no need to store fat.

So in vitamin D deficiency LDL goes up, macrophages go down, HDL goes down, hepatic lipase goes down and triglycerides go up, and fat storage goes up. All bad for heart health.

In a replete vitamin D biology LDL goes down, macrophges go up, HDL goes up, hepatic lipase goes up and triglycerides go down, fat storage goes down. All good for heart health

This represents an economy based on the tissues demand for a fair trade of vitamin D in exchange for tissue produced HDL cholesterol. When you look at biology like an economy based on fair trade it is easy to understand.